Serveur d'exploration Covid (26 mars)

Attention, ce site est en cours de développement !
Attention, site généré par des moyens informatiques à partir de corpus bruts.
Les informations ne sont donc pas validées.

Viral protein R of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 induces retrotransposition of long interspersed element-1

Identifieur interne : 001212 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 001211; suivant : 001213

Viral protein R of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 induces retrotransposition of long interspersed element-1

Auteurs : Kenta Iijima [Japon] ; Noriyuki Okudaira [Japon] ; Masato Tamura [Japon] ; Akihiro Doi [Japon] ; Yoshikazu Saito [Japon] ; Mari Shimura [Japon] ; Motohito Goto [Japon] ; Akihiro Matsunaga [Japon] ; Yuki I. Kawamura [Japon] ; Takeshi Otsubo [Japon] ; Taeko Dohi [Japon] ; Shigeki Hoshino [Japon] ; Shigeyuki Kano [Japon] ; Shotaro Hagiwara [Japon] ; Junko Tanuma [Japon] ; Hiroyuki Gatanaga [Japon] ; Masanori Baba [Japon] ; Taku Iguchi [Japon] ; Motoko Yanagita [Japon] ; Shinichi Oka [Japon] ; Tadashi Okamura [Japon] ; Yukihito Ishizaka [Japon]

Source :

RBID : PMC:3751050

Abstract

Background

Viral protein R (Vpr), a protein of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) with various biological functions, was shown to be present in the blood of HIV-1-positive patients. However, it remained unclear whether circulating Vpr in patients’ blood is biologically active. Here, we examined the activity of blood Vpr using an assay system by which retrotransposition of long interspersed element-1 (L1-RTP) was detected. We also investigated the in vivo effects of recombinant Vpr (rVpr) by administrating it to transgenic mice harboring human L1 as a transgene (hL1-Tg mice). Based on our data, we discuss the involvement of blood Vpr in the clinical symptoms of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Results

We first discovered that rVpr was active in induction of L1-RTP. Biochemical analyses revealed that rVpr-induced L1-RTP depended on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β. By using a sensitive L1-RTP assay system, we showed that 6 of the 15 blood samples from HIV-1 patients examined were positive for induction of L1-RTP. Of note, the L1-RTP-inducing activity was blocked by a monoclonal antibody specific for Vpr. Moreover, L1-RTP was reproducibly induced in various organs, including the kidney, when rVpr was administered to hL1-Tg mice.

Conclusions

Blood Vpr is biologically active, suggesting that its monitoring is worthwhile for clarification of the roles of Vpr in the pathogenesis of AIDS. This is the first report to demonstrate a soluble factor in patients’ blood active for L1-RTP activity, and implies the involvement of L1-RTP in the development of human diseases.


Url:
DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-10-83
PubMed: 23915234
PubMed Central: 3751050


Affiliations:


Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)


Le document en format XML

<record>
<TEI>
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title xml:lang="en">Viral protein R of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 induces retrotransposition of long interspersed element-1</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Iijima, Kenta" sort="Iijima, Kenta" uniqKey="Iijima K" first="Kenta" last="Iijima">Kenta Iijima</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Intractable Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Intractable Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Tokyo</settlement>
<region type="région">Région de Kantō</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Okudaira, Noriyuki" sort="Okudaira, Noriyuki" uniqKey="Okudaira N" first="Noriyuki" last="Okudaira">Noriyuki Okudaira</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Intractable Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Intractable Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Tokyo</settlement>
<region type="région">Région de Kantō</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="I2">Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-nodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-nodai, Tsukuba 305-8577</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Tsukuba 305-8577</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="I11">Department of Legal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa- cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Legal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa- cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Hyogo 663-8501</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tamura, Masato" sort="Tamura, Masato" uniqKey="Tamura M" first="Masato" last="Tamura">Masato Tamura</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Intractable Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Intractable Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Tokyo</settlement>
<region type="région">Région de Kantō</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Doi, Akihiro" sort="Doi, Akihiro" uniqKey="Doi A" first="Akihiro" last="Doi">Akihiro Doi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Intractable Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Intractable Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Tokyo</settlement>
<region type="région">Région de Kantō</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="I2">Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-nodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-nodai, Tsukuba 305-8577</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Tsukuba 305-8577</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Saito, Yoshikazu" sort="Saito, Yoshikazu" uniqKey="Saito Y" first="Yoshikazu" last="Saito">Yoshikazu Saito</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Intractable Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Intractable Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Tokyo</settlement>
<region type="région">Région de Kantō</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Shimura, Mari" sort="Shimura, Mari" uniqKey="Shimura M" first="Mari" last="Shimura">Mari Shimura</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Intractable Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Intractable Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Tokyo</settlement>
<region type="région">Région de Kantō</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Goto, Motohito" sort="Goto, Motohito" uniqKey="Goto M" first="Motohito" last="Goto">Motohito Goto</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="I3">Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Tokyo</settlement>
<region type="région">Région de Kantō</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Matsunaga, Akihiro" sort="Matsunaga, Akihiro" uniqKey="Matsunaga A" first="Akihiro" last="Matsunaga">Akihiro Matsunaga</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Intractable Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Intractable Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Tokyo</settlement>
<region type="région">Région de Kantō</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kawamura, Yuki I" sort="Kawamura, Yuki I" uniqKey="Kawamura Y" first="Yuki I" last="Kawamura">Yuki I. Kawamura</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="I4">Department of Gastroenterology, Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-7-1 Kohnodai, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-8516, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Gastroenterology, Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-7-1 Kohnodai, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-8516</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Chiba 272-8516</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Otsubo, Takeshi" sort="Otsubo, Takeshi" uniqKey="Otsubo T" first="Takeshi" last="Otsubo">Takeshi Otsubo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="I4">Department of Gastroenterology, Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-7-1 Kohnodai, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-8516, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Gastroenterology, Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-7-1 Kohnodai, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-8516</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Chiba 272-8516</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dohi, Taeko" sort="Dohi, Taeko" uniqKey="Dohi T" first="Taeko" last="Dohi">Taeko Dohi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="I4">Department of Gastroenterology, Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-7-1 Kohnodai, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-8516, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Gastroenterology, Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-7-1 Kohnodai, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-8516</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Chiba 272-8516</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hoshino, Shigeki" sort="Hoshino, Shigeki" uniqKey="Hoshino S" first="Shigeki" last="Hoshino">Shigeki Hoshino</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Intractable Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Intractable Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Tokyo</settlement>
<region type="région">Région de Kantō</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kano, Shigeyuki" sort="Kano, Shigeyuki" uniqKey="Kano S" first="Shigeyuki" last="Kano">Shigeyuki Kano</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="I2">Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-nodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-nodai, Tsukuba 305-8577</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Tsukuba 305-8577</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="I5">Department of Tropical Medicine and Malaria, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Tropical Medicine and Malaria, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Tokyo</settlement>
<region type="région">Région de Kantō</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hagiwara, Shotaro" sort="Hagiwara, Shotaro" uniqKey="Hagiwara S" first="Shotaro" last="Hagiwara">Shotaro Hagiwara</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="I6">Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Tokyo</settlement>
<region type="région">Région de Kantō</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tanuma, Junko" sort="Tanuma, Junko" uniqKey="Tanuma J" first="Junko" last="Tanuma">Junko Tanuma</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="I7">AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Tokyo</settlement>
<region type="région">Région de Kantō</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gatanaga, Hiroyuki" sort="Gatanaga, Hiroyuki" uniqKey="Gatanaga H" first="Hiroyuki" last="Gatanaga">Hiroyuki Gatanaga</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="I7">AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Tokyo</settlement>
<region type="région">Région de Kantō</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Baba, Masanori" sort="Baba, Masanori" uniqKey="Baba M" first="Masanori" last="Baba">Masanori Baba</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="I8">Division of Antiviral Chemotherapy, Center for Chronic Viral Diseases, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Antiviral Chemotherapy, Center for Chronic Viral Diseases, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Kagoshima 890-8544</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Iguchi, Taku" sort="Iguchi, Taku" uniqKey="Iguchi T" first="Taku" last="Iguchi">Taku Iguchi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:aff id="I9">Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Shogoin-Kawahara-cho 54, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Shogoin-Kawahara-cho 54, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Kyoto</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Kyoto</settlement>
<region type="prefecture">Région du Kansai</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:aff id="I12">Kyoto University, Graduate School of Medicine, Medical Innovation Center, Shogoin-Kawahara-cho 53, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Kyoto University, Graduate School of Medicine, Medical Innovation Center, Shogoin-Kawahara-cho 53, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Kyoto</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Kyoto</settlement>
<region type="prefecture">Région du Kansai</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Yanagita, Motoko" sort="Yanagita, Motoko" uniqKey="Yanagita M" first="Motoko" last="Yanagita">Motoko Yanagita</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:aff id="I9">Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Shogoin-Kawahara-cho 54, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Shogoin-Kawahara-cho 54, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Kyoto</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Kyoto</settlement>
<region type="prefecture">Région du Kansai</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Oka, Shinichi" sort="Oka, Shinichi" uniqKey="Oka S" first="Shinichi" last="Oka">Shinichi Oka</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="I7">AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Tokyo</settlement>
<region type="région">Région de Kantō</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Okamura, Tadashi" sort="Okamura, Tadashi" uniqKey="Okamura T" first="Tadashi" last="Okamura">Tadashi Okamura</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="I3">Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Tokyo</settlement>
<region type="région">Région de Kantō</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="I10">Section of Animal Model, Department of Infectious Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Section of Animal Model, Department of Infectious Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Tokyo</settlement>
<region type="région">Région de Kantō</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ishizaka, Yukihito" sort="Ishizaka, Yukihito" uniqKey="Ishizaka Y" first="Yukihito" last="Ishizaka">Yukihito Ishizaka</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Intractable Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Intractable Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Tokyo</settlement>
<region type="région">Région de Kantō</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt>
<idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">23915234</idno>
<idno type="pmc">3751050</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3751050</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:3751050</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1186/1742-4690-10-83</idno>
<date when="2013">2013</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000665</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000665</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000665</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000665</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000667</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000667</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">000393</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">000393</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">000393</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">001214</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">001212</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">001212</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Viral protein R of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 induces retrotransposition of long interspersed element-1</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Iijima, Kenta" sort="Iijima, Kenta" uniqKey="Iijima K" first="Kenta" last="Iijima">Kenta Iijima</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Intractable Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Intractable Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Tokyo</settlement>
<region type="région">Région de Kantō</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Okudaira, Noriyuki" sort="Okudaira, Noriyuki" uniqKey="Okudaira N" first="Noriyuki" last="Okudaira">Noriyuki Okudaira</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Intractable Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Intractable Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Tokyo</settlement>
<region type="région">Région de Kantō</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="I2">Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-nodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-nodai, Tsukuba 305-8577</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Tsukuba 305-8577</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="I11">Department of Legal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa- cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Legal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa- cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Hyogo 663-8501</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tamura, Masato" sort="Tamura, Masato" uniqKey="Tamura M" first="Masato" last="Tamura">Masato Tamura</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Intractable Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Intractable Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Tokyo</settlement>
<region type="région">Région de Kantō</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Doi, Akihiro" sort="Doi, Akihiro" uniqKey="Doi A" first="Akihiro" last="Doi">Akihiro Doi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Intractable Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Intractable Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Tokyo</settlement>
<region type="région">Région de Kantō</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="I2">Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-nodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-nodai, Tsukuba 305-8577</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Tsukuba 305-8577</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Saito, Yoshikazu" sort="Saito, Yoshikazu" uniqKey="Saito Y" first="Yoshikazu" last="Saito">Yoshikazu Saito</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Intractable Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Intractable Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Tokyo</settlement>
<region type="région">Région de Kantō</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Shimura, Mari" sort="Shimura, Mari" uniqKey="Shimura M" first="Mari" last="Shimura">Mari Shimura</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Intractable Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Intractable Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Tokyo</settlement>
<region type="région">Région de Kantō</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Goto, Motohito" sort="Goto, Motohito" uniqKey="Goto M" first="Motohito" last="Goto">Motohito Goto</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="I3">Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Tokyo</settlement>
<region type="région">Région de Kantō</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Matsunaga, Akihiro" sort="Matsunaga, Akihiro" uniqKey="Matsunaga A" first="Akihiro" last="Matsunaga">Akihiro Matsunaga</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Intractable Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Intractable Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Tokyo</settlement>
<region type="région">Région de Kantō</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kawamura, Yuki I" sort="Kawamura, Yuki I" uniqKey="Kawamura Y" first="Yuki I" last="Kawamura">Yuki I. Kawamura</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="I4">Department of Gastroenterology, Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-7-1 Kohnodai, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-8516, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Gastroenterology, Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-7-1 Kohnodai, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-8516</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Chiba 272-8516</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Otsubo, Takeshi" sort="Otsubo, Takeshi" uniqKey="Otsubo T" first="Takeshi" last="Otsubo">Takeshi Otsubo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="I4">Department of Gastroenterology, Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-7-1 Kohnodai, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-8516, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Gastroenterology, Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-7-1 Kohnodai, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-8516</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Chiba 272-8516</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dohi, Taeko" sort="Dohi, Taeko" uniqKey="Dohi T" first="Taeko" last="Dohi">Taeko Dohi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="I4">Department of Gastroenterology, Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-7-1 Kohnodai, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-8516, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Gastroenterology, Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-7-1 Kohnodai, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-8516</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Chiba 272-8516</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hoshino, Shigeki" sort="Hoshino, Shigeki" uniqKey="Hoshino S" first="Shigeki" last="Hoshino">Shigeki Hoshino</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Intractable Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Intractable Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Tokyo</settlement>
<region type="région">Région de Kantō</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kano, Shigeyuki" sort="Kano, Shigeyuki" uniqKey="Kano S" first="Shigeyuki" last="Kano">Shigeyuki Kano</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="I2">Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-nodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-nodai, Tsukuba 305-8577</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Tsukuba 305-8577</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="I5">Department of Tropical Medicine and Malaria, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Tropical Medicine and Malaria, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Tokyo</settlement>
<region type="région">Région de Kantō</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hagiwara, Shotaro" sort="Hagiwara, Shotaro" uniqKey="Hagiwara S" first="Shotaro" last="Hagiwara">Shotaro Hagiwara</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="I6">Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Tokyo</settlement>
<region type="région">Région de Kantō</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tanuma, Junko" sort="Tanuma, Junko" uniqKey="Tanuma J" first="Junko" last="Tanuma">Junko Tanuma</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="I7">AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Tokyo</settlement>
<region type="région">Région de Kantō</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gatanaga, Hiroyuki" sort="Gatanaga, Hiroyuki" uniqKey="Gatanaga H" first="Hiroyuki" last="Gatanaga">Hiroyuki Gatanaga</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="I7">AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Tokyo</settlement>
<region type="région">Région de Kantō</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Baba, Masanori" sort="Baba, Masanori" uniqKey="Baba M" first="Masanori" last="Baba">Masanori Baba</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="I8">Division of Antiviral Chemotherapy, Center for Chronic Viral Diseases, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Antiviral Chemotherapy, Center for Chronic Viral Diseases, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Kagoshima 890-8544</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Iguchi, Taku" sort="Iguchi, Taku" uniqKey="Iguchi T" first="Taku" last="Iguchi">Taku Iguchi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:aff id="I9">Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Shogoin-Kawahara-cho 54, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Shogoin-Kawahara-cho 54, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Kyoto</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Kyoto</settlement>
<region type="prefecture">Région du Kansai</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:aff id="I12">Kyoto University, Graduate School of Medicine, Medical Innovation Center, Shogoin-Kawahara-cho 53, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Kyoto University, Graduate School of Medicine, Medical Innovation Center, Shogoin-Kawahara-cho 53, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Kyoto</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Kyoto</settlement>
<region type="prefecture">Région du Kansai</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Yanagita, Motoko" sort="Yanagita, Motoko" uniqKey="Yanagita M" first="Motoko" last="Yanagita">Motoko Yanagita</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:aff id="I9">Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Shogoin-Kawahara-cho 54, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Shogoin-Kawahara-cho 54, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Kyoto</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Kyoto</settlement>
<region type="prefecture">Région du Kansai</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Oka, Shinichi" sort="Oka, Shinichi" uniqKey="Oka S" first="Shinichi" last="Oka">Shinichi Oka</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="I7">AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Tokyo</settlement>
<region type="région">Région de Kantō</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Okamura, Tadashi" sort="Okamura, Tadashi" uniqKey="Okamura T" first="Tadashi" last="Okamura">Tadashi Okamura</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="I3">Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Tokyo</settlement>
<region type="région">Région de Kantō</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="I10">Section of Animal Model, Department of Infectious Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Section of Animal Model, Department of Infectious Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Tokyo</settlement>
<region type="région">Région de Kantō</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ishizaka, Yukihito" sort="Ishizaka, Yukihito" uniqKey="Ishizaka Y" first="Yukihito" last="Ishizaka">Yukihito Ishizaka</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Intractable Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Intractable Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Tokyo</settlement>
<region type="région">Région de Kantō</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series>
<title level="j">Retrovirology</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1742-4690</idno>
<imprint>
<date when="2013">2013</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc>
<textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">
<sec>
<title>Background</title>
<p>Viral protein R (Vpr), a protein of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) with various biological functions, was shown to be present in the blood of HIV-1-positive patients. However, it remained unclear whether circulating Vpr in patients’ blood is biologically active. Here, we examined the activity of blood Vpr using an assay system by which retrotransposition of long interspersed element-1 (L1-RTP) was detected. We also investigated the
<italic>in vivo</italic>
effects of recombinant Vpr (rVpr) by administrating it to transgenic mice harboring human L1 as a transgene (hL1-Tg mice). Based on our data, we discuss the involvement of blood Vpr in the clinical symptoms of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>Results</title>
<p>We first discovered that rVpr was active in induction of L1-RTP. Biochemical analyses revealed that rVpr-induced L1-RTP depended on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β. By using a sensitive L1-RTP assay system, we showed that 6 of the 15 blood samples from HIV-1 patients examined were positive for induction of L1-RTP. Of note, the L1-RTP-inducing activity was blocked by a monoclonal antibody specific for Vpr. Moreover, L1-RTP was reproducibly induced in various organs, including the kidney, when rVpr was administered to hL1-Tg mice.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>Conclusions</title>
<p>Blood Vpr is biologically active, suggesting that its monitoring is worthwhile for clarification of the roles of Vpr in the pathogenesis of AIDS. This is the first report to demonstrate a soluble factor in patients’ blood active for L1-RTP activity, and implies the involvement of L1-RTP in the development of human diseases.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
<back>
<div1 type="bibliography">
<listBibl>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Cohen, Ea" uniqKey="Cohen E">EA Cohen</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dehni, G" uniqKey="Dehni G">G Dehni</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sodroski, Jg" uniqKey="Sodroski J">JG Sodroski</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Haseltine, Wa" uniqKey="Haseltine W">WA Haseltine</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kogan, M" uniqKey="Kogan M">M Kogan</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rappaport, J" uniqKey="Rappaport J">J Rappaport</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Levy, Dn" uniqKey="Levy D">DN Levy</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Refaeli, Y" uniqKey="Refaeli Y">Y Refaeli</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Macgregor, Rr" uniqKey="Macgregor R">RR MacGregor</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Weiner, Db" uniqKey="Weiner D">DB Weiner</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hoshino, S" uniqKey="Hoshino S">S Hoshino</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sun, B" uniqKey="Sun B">B Sun</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Konishi, M" uniqKey="Konishi M">M Konishi</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Shimura, M" uniqKey="Shimura M">M Shimura</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Segawa, T" uniqKey="Segawa T">T Segawa</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hagiwara, Y" uniqKey="Hagiwara Y">Y Hagiwara</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Koyanagi, Y" uniqKey="Koyanagi Y">Y Koyanagi</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Iwamoto, A" uniqKey="Iwamoto A">A Iwamoto</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mimaya, J" uniqKey="Mimaya J">J Mimaya</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Terunuma, H" uniqKey="Terunuma H">H Terunuma</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kano, S" uniqKey="Kano S">S Kano</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ishizaka, Y" uniqKey="Ishizaka Y">Y Ishizaka</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Patel, Ca" uniqKey="Patel C">CA Patel</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mukhtar, M" uniqKey="Mukhtar M">M Mukhtar</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pomerantz, Rj" uniqKey="Pomerantz R">RJ Pomerantz</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Muthumani, K" uniqKey="Muthumani K">K Muthumani</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Choo, Ay" uniqKey="Choo A">AY Choo</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Premkumar, A" uniqKey="Premkumar A">A Premkumar</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hwang, Ds" uniqKey="Hwang D">DS Hwang</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Thieu, Kp" uniqKey="Thieu K">KP Thieu</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Desai, Bm" uniqKey="Desai B">BM Desai</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Weiner, Db" uniqKey="Weiner D">DB Weiner</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hoshino, S" uniqKey="Hoshino S">S Hoshino</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Konishi, M" uniqKey="Konishi M">M Konishi</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mori, M" uniqKey="Mori M">M Mori</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Shimura, M" uniqKey="Shimura M">M Shimura</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Nishitani, C" uniqKey="Nishitani C">C Nishitani</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kuroki, Y" uniqKey="Kuroki Y">Y Kuroki</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Koyanagi, Y" uniqKey="Koyanagi Y">Y Koyanagi</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kano, S" uniqKey="Kano S">S Kano</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Itabe, H" uniqKey="Itabe H">H Itabe</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ishizaka, Y" uniqKey="Ishizaka Y">Y Ishizaka</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bannert, N" uniqKey="Bannert N">N Bannert</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kurth, R" uniqKey="Kurth R">R Kurth</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Goodier, Jl" uniqKey="Goodier J">JL Goodier</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kazazian, Hh" uniqKey="Kazazian H">HH Kazazian</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Brouha, B" uniqKey="Brouha B">B Brouha</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Schustak, J" uniqKey="Schustak J">J Schustak</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Badge, Rm" uniqKey="Badge R">RM Badge</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lutz Prigge, S" uniqKey="Lutz Prigge S">S Lutz-Prigge</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Farley, Ah" uniqKey="Farley A">AH Farley</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Moran, Jv" uniqKey="Moran J">JV Moran</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kazazian, Hh" uniqKey="Kazazian H">HH Kazazian</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kazazian, Hh" uniqKey="Kazazian H">HH Kazazian</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wong, C" uniqKey="Wong C">C Wong</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Youssoufian, H" uniqKey="Youssoufian H">H Youssoufian</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Scott, Af" uniqKey="Scott A">AF Scott</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Phillips, Dg" uniqKey="Phillips D">DG Phillips</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Antonarakis, Se" uniqKey="Antonarakis S">SE Antonarakis</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hancks, Dc" uniqKey="Hancks D">DC Hancks</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kazazian, Hh" uniqKey="Kazazian H">HH Kazazian</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Muotri, Ar" uniqKey="Muotri A">AR Muotri</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Chu, Vt" uniqKey="Chu V">VT Chu</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Marchetto, Mc" uniqKey="Marchetto M">MC Marchetto</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Deng, W" uniqKey="Deng W">W Deng</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Moran, Jv" uniqKey="Moran J">JV Moran</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gage, Fh" uniqKey="Gage F">FH Gage</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Georgiou, I" uniqKey="Georgiou I">I Georgiou</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Noutsopoulos, D" uniqKey="Noutsopoulos D">D Noutsopoulos</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dimitriadou, E" uniqKey="Dimitriadou E">E Dimitriadou</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Markopoulos, G" uniqKey="Markopoulos G">G Markopoulos</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Apergi, A" uniqKey="Apergi A">A Apergi</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lazaros, L" uniqKey="Lazaros L">L Lazaros</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Vaxevanoglou, T" uniqKey="Vaxevanoglou T">T Vaxevanoglou</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pantos, K" uniqKey="Pantos K">K Pantos</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Syrrou, M" uniqKey="Syrrou M">M Syrrou</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tzavaras, T" uniqKey="Tzavaras T">T Tzavaras</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kano, H" uniqKey="Kano H">H Kano</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Godoy, I" uniqKey="Godoy I">I Godoy</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Courtney, C" uniqKey="Courtney C">C Courtney</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Vetter, Mr" uniqKey="Vetter M">MR Vetter</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gerton, Gl" uniqKey="Gerton G">GL Gerton</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ostertag, Em" uniqKey="Ostertag E">EM Ostertag</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kazazian, Hh" uniqKey="Kazazian H">HH Kazazian</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Coufal, Ng" uniqKey="Coufal N">NG Coufal</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Garcia Perez, Jl" uniqKey="Garcia Perez J">JL Garcia-Perez</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Peng, Ge" uniqKey="Peng G">GE Peng</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Yeo, Gw" uniqKey="Yeo G">GW Yeo</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mu, Y" uniqKey="Mu Y">Y Mu</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lovci, Mt" uniqKey="Lovci M">MT Lovci</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Morell, M" uniqKey="Morell M">M Morell</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="O Hea, Ks" uniqKey="O Hea K">KS O’Shea</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Moran, Jv" uniqKey="Moran J">JV Moran</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gage, Fh" uniqKey="Gage F">FH Gage</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Baillie, Jk" uniqKey="Baillie J">JK Baillie</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Barnett, Mw" uniqKey="Barnett M">MW Barnett</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Upton, Kr" uniqKey="Upton K">KR Upton</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gerhardt, Dj" uniqKey="Gerhardt D">DJ Gerhardt</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Richmond, Ta" uniqKey="Richmond T">TA Richmond</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="De Sapio, F" uniqKey="De Sapio F">F De Sapio</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Brennan, Pm" uniqKey="Brennan P">PM Brennan</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rizzu, P" uniqKey="Rizzu P">P Rizzu</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Smith, S" uniqKey="Smith S">S Smith</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Fell, M" uniqKey="Fell M">M Fell</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Talbot, Rt" uniqKey="Talbot R">RT Talbot</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gustincich, S" uniqKey="Gustincich S">S Gustincich</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Freeman, Tc" uniqKey="Freeman T">TC Freeman</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mattick, Js" uniqKey="Mattick J">JS Mattick</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hume, Da" uniqKey="Hume D">DA Hume</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Heutink, P" uniqKey="Heutink P">P Heutink</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Carninci, P" uniqKey="Carninci P">P Carninci</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Jeddeloh, Ja" uniqKey="Jeddeloh J">JA Jeddeloh</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Faulkner, Gj" uniqKey="Faulkner G">GJ Faulkner</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Iskow, Rc" uniqKey="Iskow R">RC Iskow</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mccabe, Mt" uniqKey="Mccabe M">MT McCabe</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mills, Re" uniqKey="Mills R">RE Mills</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Torene, S" uniqKey="Torene S">S Torene</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pittard, Ws" uniqKey="Pittard W">WS Pittard</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Neuwald, Af" uniqKey="Neuwald A">AF Neuwald</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Van Meir, Eg" uniqKey="Van Meir E">EG Van Meir</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Vertino, Pm" uniqKey="Vertino P">PM Vertino</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Devine, Se" uniqKey="Devine S">SE Devine</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ting, Dt" uniqKey="Ting D">DT Ting</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lipson, D" uniqKey="Lipson D">D Lipson</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Paul, S" uniqKey="Paul S">S Paul</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Brannigan, Bw" uniqKey="Brannigan B">BW Brannigan</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Akhavanfard, S" uniqKey="Akhavanfard S">S Akhavanfard</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Coffman, Ej" uniqKey="Coffman E">EJ Coffman</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Contino, G" uniqKey="Contino G">G Contino</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Deshpande, V" uniqKey="Deshpande V">V Deshpande</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Iafrate, Aj" uniqKey="Iafrate A">AJ Iafrate</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Letovsky, S" uniqKey="Letovsky S">S Letovsky</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rivera, Mn" uniqKey="Rivera M">MN Rivera</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bardeesy, N" uniqKey="Bardeesy N">N Bardeesy</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Maheswaran, S" uniqKey="Maheswaran S">S Maheswaran</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Haber, Da" uniqKey="Haber D">DA Haber</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kazazian, Hh" uniqKey="Kazazian H">HH Kazazian</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lee, E" uniqKey="Lee E">E Lee</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Iskow, R" uniqKey="Iskow R">R Iskow</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Yang, L" uniqKey="Yang L">L Yang</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gokcumen, O" uniqKey="Gokcumen O">O Gokcumen</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Haseley, P" uniqKey="Haseley P">P Haseley</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Luquette, Lj" uniqKey="Luquette L">LJ Luquette</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lohr, Jg" uniqKey="Lohr J">JG Lohr</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Harris, Cc" uniqKey="Harris C">CC Harris</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ding, L" uniqKey="Ding L">L Ding</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wilson, Rk" uniqKey="Wilson R">RK Wilson</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wheeler, Da" uniqKey="Wheeler D">DA Wheeler</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gibbs, Ra" uniqKey="Gibbs R">RA Gibbs</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kucherlapati, R" uniqKey="Kucherlapati R">R Kucherlapati</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lee, C" uniqKey="Lee C">C Lee</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kharchenko, Pv" uniqKey="Kharchenko P">PV Kharchenko</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Park, Pj" uniqKey="Park P">PJ Park</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Shukla, R" uniqKey="Shukla R">R Shukla</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Upton, Kr" uniqKey="Upton K">KR Upton</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mu Oz Lopez, M" uniqKey="Mu Oz Lopez M">M Muñoz-Lopez</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gerhardt, Dj" uniqKey="Gerhardt D">DJ Gerhardt</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Fisher, Me" uniqKey="Fisher M">ME Fisher</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Nguyen, T" uniqKey="Nguyen T">T Nguyen</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Brennan, Pm" uniqKey="Brennan P">PM Brennan</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Baillie, Jk" uniqKey="Baillie J">JK Baillie</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Collino, A" uniqKey="Collino A">A Collino</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ghisletti, S" uniqKey="Ghisletti S">S Ghisletti</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sinha, S" uniqKey="Sinha S">S Sinha</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Iannelli, F" uniqKey="Iannelli F">F Iannelli</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Radaelli, E" uniqKey="Radaelli E">E Radaelli</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dos Santos, A" uniqKey="Dos Santos A">A Dos Santos</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rapoud, D" uniqKey="Rapoud D">D Rapoud</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Guettier, C" uniqKey="Guettier C">C Guettier</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Samuel, D" uniqKey="Samuel D">D Samuel</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Natoli, G" uniqKey="Natoli G">G Natoli</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Carninci, P" uniqKey="Carninci P">P Carninci</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ciccarelli, Fd" uniqKey="Ciccarelli F">FD Ciccarelli</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Garcia Perez, Jl" uniqKey="Garcia Perez J">JL Garcia-Perez</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Faivre, J" uniqKey="Faivre J">J Faivre</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Faulkner, Gj" uniqKey="Faulkner G">GJ Faulkner</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gilbert, N" uniqKey="Gilbert N">N Gilbert</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lutz Prigge, S" uniqKey="Lutz Prigge S">S Lutz-Prigge</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Moran, Jv" uniqKey="Moran J">JV Moran</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Symer, De" uniqKey="Symer D">DE Symer</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Connelly, C" uniqKey="Connelly C">C Connelly</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Szak, St" uniqKey="Szak S">ST Szak</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Caputo, Em" uniqKey="Caputo E">EM Caputo</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Cost, Gj" uniqKey="Cost G">GJ Cost</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Parmigiani, G" uniqKey="Parmigiani G">G Parmigiani</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Boeke, Jd" uniqKey="Boeke J">JD Boeke</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gasior, Sl" uniqKey="Gasior S">SL Gasior</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wakeman, Tp" uniqKey="Wakeman T">TP Wakeman</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Xu, B" uniqKey="Xu B">B Xu</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Deininger, Pl" uniqKey="Deininger P">PL Deininger</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Haoudi, A" uniqKey="Haoudi A">A Haoudi</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Semmes, Oj" uniqKey="Semmes O">OJ Semmes</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mason, Jm" uniqKey="Mason J">JM Mason</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Cannon, Re" uniqKey="Cannon R">RE Cannon</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Stetson, Db" uniqKey="Stetson D">DB Stetson</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ko, Js" uniqKey="Ko J">JS Ko</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Heidmann, T" uniqKey="Heidmann T">T Heidmann</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Medzhitov, R" uniqKey="Medzhitov R">R Medzhitov</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Okudaira, N" uniqKey="Okudaira N">N Okudaira</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Goto, M" uniqKey="Goto M">M Goto</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Yanobu Takanashi, R" uniqKey="Yanobu Takanashi R">R Yanobu-Takanashi</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tamura, M" uniqKey="Tamura M">M Tamura</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="An, A" uniqKey="An A">A An</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Abe, Y" uniqKey="Abe Y">Y Abe</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kano, S" uniqKey="Kano S">S Kano</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hagiwara, S" uniqKey="Hagiwara S">S Hagiwara</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ishizaka, Y" uniqKey="Ishizaka Y">Y Ishizaka</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Okamura, T" uniqKey="Okamura T">T Okamura</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Okudaira, N" uniqKey="Okudaira N">N Okudaira</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Okamura, T" uniqKey="Okamura T">T Okamura</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tamura, M" uniqKey="Tamura M">M Tamura</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Iijma, K" uniqKey="Iijma K">K Iijma</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Goto, M" uniqKey="Goto M">M Goto</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Matsunaga, A" uniqKey="Matsunaga A">A Matsunaga</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ochiai, M" uniqKey="Ochiai M">M Ochiai</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Nakagama, H" uniqKey="Nakagama H">H Nakagama</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kano, S" uniqKey="Kano S">S Kano</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Fujii Kuriyama, Y" uniqKey="Fujii Kuriyama Y">Y Fujii-Kuriyama</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ishizaka, Y" uniqKey="Ishizaka Y">Y Ishizaka</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rao, Tk" uniqKey="Rao T">TK Rao</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Filippone, Ej" uniqKey="Filippone E">EJ Filippone</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Nicastri, Ad" uniqKey="Nicastri A">AD Nicastri</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Landesman, Sh" uniqKey="Landesman S">SH Landesman</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Frank, E" uniqKey="Frank E">E Frank</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Chen, Ck" uniqKey="Chen C">CK Chen</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Friedman, Ea" uniqKey="Friedman E">EA Friedman</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Izzedine, H" uniqKey="Izzedine H">H Izzedine</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wirden, M" uniqKey="Wirden M">M Wirden</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Launay Vacher, V" uniqKey="Launay Vacher V">V Launay-Vacher</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wyatt, Cm" uniqKey="Wyatt C">CM Wyatt</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Meliambro, K" uniqKey="Meliambro K">K Meliambro</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Klotman, Pe" uniqKey="Klotman P">PE Klotman</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dickie, P" uniqKey="Dickie P">P Dickie</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Roberts, A" uniqKey="Roberts A">A Roberts</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Uwiera, R" uniqKey="Uwiera R">R Uwiera</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Witmer, J" uniqKey="Witmer J">J Witmer</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sharma, K" uniqKey="Sharma K">K Sharma</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kopp, Jb" uniqKey="Kopp J">JB Kopp</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Zhong, J" uniqKey="Zhong J">J Zhong</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Zuo, Y" uniqKey="Zuo Y">Y Zuo</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ma, J" uniqKey="Ma J">J Ma</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Fogo, Ab" uniqKey="Fogo A">AB Fogo</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Jolicoeur, P" uniqKey="Jolicoeur P">P Jolicoeur</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ichikawa, I" uniqKey="Ichikawa I">I Ichikawa</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Matsusaka, T" uniqKey="Matsusaka T">T Matsusaka</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gilbert, N" uniqKey="Gilbert N">N Gilbert</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lutz, S" uniqKey="Lutz S">S Lutz</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Morrish, Ta" uniqKey="Morrish T">TA Morrish</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Moran, Jv" uniqKey="Moran J">JV Moran</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wei, W" uniqKey="Wei W">W Wei</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Morrish, Ta" uniqKey="Morrish T">TA Morrish</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Alisch, Rs" uniqKey="Alisch R">RS Alisch</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Moran, Jv" uniqKey="Moran J">JV Moran</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Okudaira, N" uniqKey="Okudaira N">N Okudaira</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Iijma, K" uniqKey="Iijma K">K Iijma</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Koyama, T" uniqKey="Koyama T">T Koyama</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Minemoto, Y" uniqKey="Minemoto Y">Y Minemoto</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kano, S" uniqKey="Kano S">S Kano</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mimori, A" uniqKey="Mimori A">A Mimori</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ishizaka, Y" uniqKey="Ishizaka Y">Y Ishizaka</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Farkash, Ea" uniqKey="Farkash E">EA Farkash</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kao, Gd" uniqKey="Kao G">GD Kao</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Horman, Sr" uniqKey="Horman S">SR Horman</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Prak, Et" uniqKey="Prak E">ET Prak</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Jones, Rb" uniqKey="Jones R">RB Jones</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Garrison, Ke" uniqKey="Garrison K">KE Garrison</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wong, Jc" uniqKey="Wong J">JC Wong</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Duan, Eh" uniqKey="Duan E">EH Duan</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Nixon, Df" uniqKey="Nixon D">DF Nixon</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ostrowski, Ma" uniqKey="Ostrowski M">MA Ostrowski</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dai, L" uniqKey="Dai L">L Dai</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Huang, Q" uniqKey="Huang Q">Q Huang</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Boeke, Jd" uniqKey="Boeke J">JD Boeke</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Yang, G" uniqKey="Yang G">G Yang</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dutschman, Ge" uniqKey="Dutschman G">GE Dutschman</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wang, Cj" uniqKey="Wang C">CJ Wang</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tanaka, H" uniqKey="Tanaka H">H Tanaka</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Baba, M" uniqKey="Baba M">M Baba</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Anderson, Ks" uniqKey="Anderson K">KS Anderson</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Cheng, Yc" uniqKey="Cheng Y">YC Cheng</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Asada, N" uniqKey="Asada N">N Asada</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Takase, M" uniqKey="Takase M">M Takase</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Nakamura, J" uniqKey="Nakamura J">J Nakamura</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Oguchi, A" uniqKey="Oguchi A">A Oguchi</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Asada, M" uniqKey="Asada M">M Asada</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Suzuki, N" uniqKey="Suzuki N">N Suzuki</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Yamamura, K" uniqKey="Yamamura K">K Yamamura</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Nagoshi, N" uniqKey="Nagoshi N">N Nagoshi</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Shibata, S" uniqKey="Shibata S">S Shibata</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rao, Tn" uniqKey="Rao T">TN Rao</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Fehling, Hj" uniqKey="Fehling H">HJ Fehling</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Fukatsu, A" uniqKey="Fukatsu A">A Fukatsu</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Minegishi, N" uniqKey="Minegishi N">N Minegishi</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kita, T" uniqKey="Kita T">T Kita</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kimura, T" uniqKey="Kimura T">T Kimura</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Okano, H" uniqKey="Okano H">H Okano</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Yamamoto, M" uniqKey="Yamamoto M">M Yamamoto</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Yanagita, M" uniqKey="Yanagita M">M Yanagita</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tanaka, M" uniqKey="Tanaka M">M Tanaka</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Endo, S" uniqKey="Endo S">S Endo</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Okuda, T" uniqKey="Okuda T">T Okuda</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Economides, An" uniqKey="Economides A">AN Economides</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Valenzuela, Dm" uniqKey="Valenzuela D">DM Valenzuela</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Murphy, Aj" uniqKey="Murphy A">AJ Murphy</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Robertson, E" uniqKey="Robertson E">E Robertson</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sakurai, T" uniqKey="Sakurai T">T Sakurai</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Fukatsu, A" uniqKey="Fukatsu A">A Fukatsu</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Yancopoulos, Gd" uniqKey="Yancopoulos G">GD Yancopoulos</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kita, T" uniqKey="Kita T">T Kita</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Yanagita, M" uniqKey="Yanagita M">M Yanagita</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Nurnberger, A" uniqKey="Nurnberger A">A Nürnberger</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="R Biger, M" uniqKey="R Biger M">M Räbiger</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mack, A" uniqKey="Mack A">A Mack</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Diaz, J" uniqKey="Diaz J">J Diaz</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sokoloff, P" uniqKey="Sokoloff P">P Sokoloff</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Muhlbauer, B" uniqKey="Muhlbauer B">B Mühlbauer</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Luippold, G" uniqKey="Luippold G">G Luippold</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Xiong, Z" uniqKey="Xiong Z">Z Xiong</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Laird, Pw" uniqKey="Laird P">PW Laird</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Flaveny, C" uniqKey="Flaveny C">C Flaveny</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Reen, Rk" uniqKey="Reen R">RK Reen</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kusnadi, A" uniqKey="Kusnadi A">A Kusnadi</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Perdew, Gh" uniqKey="Perdew G">GH Perdew</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kino, T" uniqKey="Kino T">T Kino</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gragerov, A" uniqKey="Gragerov A">A Gragerov</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kopp, Jb" uniqKey="Kopp J">JB Kopp</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Stauber, Rh" uniqKey="Stauber R">RH Stauber</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pavlakis, Gn" uniqKey="Pavlakis G">GN Pavlakis</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Chrousos, Gp" uniqKey="Chrousos G">GP Chrousos</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Fritsche, E" uniqKey="Fritsche E">E Fritsche</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sch Fer, C" uniqKey="Sch Fer C">C Schäfer</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Calles, C" uniqKey="Calles C">C Calles</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bernsmann, T" uniqKey="Bernsmann T">T Bernsmann</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bernshausen, T" uniqKey="Bernshausen T">T Bernshausen</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wurm, M" uniqKey="Wurm M">M Wurm</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Beischlag, Tv" uniqKey="Beischlag T">TV Beischlag</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Luis Morales, J" uniqKey="Luis Morales J">J Luis Morales</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hollingshead, Bd" uniqKey="Hollingshead B">BD Hollingshead</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Perdew, Gh" uniqKey="Perdew G">GH Perdew</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Goodier, Jl" uniqKey="Goodier J">JL Goodier</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mandal, Pk" uniqKey="Mandal P">PK Mandal</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Zhang, L" uniqKey="Zhang L">L Zhang</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kazazian, Hh" uniqKey="Kazazian H">HH Kazazian</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Doucet, Aj" uniqKey="Doucet A">AJ Doucet</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hulme, Ae" uniqKey="Hulme A">AE Hulme</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sahinovic, E" uniqKey="Sahinovic E">E Sahinovic</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kulpa, Da" uniqKey="Kulpa D">DA Kulpa</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Moldovan, Jb" uniqKey="Moldovan J">JB Moldovan</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kopera, Hc" uniqKey="Kopera H">HC Kopera</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Athanikar, Jn" uniqKey="Athanikar J">JN Athanikar</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hasnaoui, M" uniqKey="Hasnaoui M">M Hasnaoui</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bucheton, A" uniqKey="Bucheton A">A Bucheton</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Moran, Jv" uniqKey="Moran J">JV Moran</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gilbert, N" uniqKey="Gilbert N">N Gilbert</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Martin, Sl" uniqKey="Martin S">SL Martin</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Woodcock, Dm" uniqKey="Woodcock D">DM Woodcock</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lawler, Cb" uniqKey="Lawler C">CB Lawler</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Linsenmeyer, Me" uniqKey="Linsenmeyer M">ME Linsenmeyer</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Doherty, Jp" uniqKey="Doherty J">JP Doherty</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Warren, Wd" uniqKey="Warren W">WD Warren</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Muotri, Ar" uniqKey="Muotri A">AR Muotri</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Marchetto, Mc" uniqKey="Marchetto M">MC Marchetto</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Coufal, Ng" uniqKey="Coufal N">NG Coufal</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Oefner, R" uniqKey="Oefner R">R Oefner</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Yeo, G" uniqKey="Yeo G">G Yeo</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Nakashima, K" uniqKey="Nakashima K">K Nakashima</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gage, Fh" uniqKey="Gage F">FH Gage</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tachiwana, H" uniqKey="Tachiwana H">H Tachiwana</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Shimura, M" uniqKey="Shimura M">M Shimura</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Nakai Murakami, C" uniqKey="Nakai Murakami C">C Nakai-Murakami</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tokunaga, K" uniqKey="Tokunaga K">K Tokunaga</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Takizawa, Y" uniqKey="Takizawa Y">Y Takizawa</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sata, T" uniqKey="Sata T">T Sata</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kurumizaka, H" uniqKey="Kurumizaka H">H Kurumizaka</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ishizaka, Y" uniqKey="Ishizaka Y">Y Ishizaka</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Reiss, P" uniqKey="Reiss P">P Reiss</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lange, Jm" uniqKey="Lange J">JM Lange</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="De Ronde, A" uniqKey="De Ronde A">A de Ronde</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="De Wolf, F" uniqKey="De Wolf F">F de Wolf</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dekker, J" uniqKey="Dekker J">J Dekker</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Danner, Sa" uniqKey="Danner S">SA Danner</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Debouck, C" uniqKey="Debouck C">C Debouck</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Goudsmit, J" uniqKey="Goudsmit J">J Goudsmit</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Moon, Hs" uniqKey="Moon H">HS Moon</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Yang, Js" uniqKey="Yang J">JS Yang</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bruggeman, La" uniqKey="Bruggeman L">LA Bruggeman</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dikman, S" uniqKey="Dikman S">S Dikman</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Meng, C" uniqKey="Meng C">C Meng</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Quaggin, Se" uniqKey="Quaggin S">SE Quaggin</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Coffman, Tm" uniqKey="Coffman T">TM Coffman</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Klotman, Pe" uniqKey="Klotman P">PE Klotman</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kopp, Jb" uniqKey="Kopp J">JB Kopp</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Smith, Mw" uniqKey="Smith M">MW Smith</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Nelson, Gw" uniqKey="Nelson G">GW Nelson</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Johnson, Rc" uniqKey="Johnson R">RC Johnson</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Freedman, Bi" uniqKey="Freedman B">BI Freedman</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bowden, Dw" uniqKey="Bowden D">DW Bowden</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Oleksyk, T" uniqKey="Oleksyk T">T Oleksyk</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mckenzie, Lm" uniqKey="Mckenzie L">LM McKenzie</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kajiyama, H" uniqKey="Kajiyama H">H Kajiyama</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ahuja, Ts" uniqKey="Ahuja T">TS Ahuja</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Berns, Js" uniqKey="Berns J">JS Berns</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Briggs, W" uniqKey="Briggs W">W Briggs</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Cho, Me" uniqKey="Cho M">ME Cho</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dart, Ra" uniqKey="Dart R">RA Dart</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kimmel, Pl" uniqKey="Kimmel P">PL Kimmel</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Korbet, Sm" uniqKey="Korbet S">SM Korbet</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Michel, Dm" uniqKey="Michel D">DM Michel</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mokrzycki, Mh" uniqKey="Mokrzycki M">MH Mokrzycki</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Schelling, Jr" uniqKey="Schelling J">JR Schelling</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Simon, E" uniqKey="Simon E">E Simon</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Trachtman, H" uniqKey="Trachtman H">H Trachtman</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Vlahov, D" uniqKey="Vlahov D">D Vlahov</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Winkler, Ca" uniqKey="Winkler C">CA Winkler</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kao, Wh" uniqKey="Kao W">WH Kao</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Klag, Mj" uniqKey="Klag M">MJ Klag</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Meoni, La" uniqKey="Meoni L">LA Meoni</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Reich, D" uniqKey="Reich D">D Reich</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Berthier Schaad, Y" uniqKey="Berthier Schaad Y">Y Berthier-Schaad</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Li, M" uniqKey="Li M">M Li</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Coresh, J" uniqKey="Coresh J">J Coresh</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Patterson, N" uniqKey="Patterson N">N Patterson</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tandon, A" uniqKey="Tandon A">A Tandon</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Powe, Nr" uniqKey="Powe N">NR Powe</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Fink, Ne" uniqKey="Fink N">NE Fink</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sadler, Jh" uniqKey="Sadler J">JH Sadler</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Weir, Mr" uniqKey="Weir M">MR Weir</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Abboud, He" uniqKey="Abboud H">HE Abboud</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Adler, Sg" uniqKey="Adler S">SG Adler</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Divers, J" uniqKey="Divers J">J Divers</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Iyengar, Sk" uniqKey="Iyengar S">SK Iyengar</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Freedman, Bi" uniqKey="Freedman B">BI Freedman</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kimmel, Pl" uniqKey="Kimmel P">PL Kimmel</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Knowler, Wc" uniqKey="Knowler W">WC Knowler</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kohn, Of" uniqKey="Kohn O">OF Kohn</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kramp, K" uniqKey="Kramp K">K Kramp</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Leehey, Dj" uniqKey="Leehey D">DJ Leehey</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Nicholas, Sb" uniqKey="Nicholas S">SB Nicholas</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pahl, Mv" uniqKey="Pahl M">MV Pahl</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Schelling, Jr" uniqKey="Schelling J">JR Schelling</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sedor, Jr" uniqKey="Sedor J">JR Sedor</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Thornley Brown, D" uniqKey="Thornley Brown D">D Thornley-Brown</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Winkler, Ca" uniqKey="Winkler C">CA Winkler</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Smith, Mw" uniqKey="Smith M">MW Smith</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Parekh, Rs" uniqKey="Parekh R">RS Parekh</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Genovese, G" uniqKey="Genovese G">G Genovese</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Friedman, Dj" uniqKey="Friedman D">DJ Friedman</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ross, Md" uniqKey="Ross M">MD Ross</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lecordier, L" uniqKey="Lecordier L">L Lecordier</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Uzureau, P" uniqKey="Uzureau P">P Uzureau</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Freedman, Bi" uniqKey="Freedman B">BI Freedman</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bowden, Dw" uniqKey="Bowden D">DW Bowden</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Langefeld, Cd" uniqKey="Langefeld C">CD Langefeld</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Oleksyk, Tk" uniqKey="Oleksyk T">TK Oleksyk</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Uscinski Knob, Al" uniqKey="Uscinski Knob A">AL Uscinski Knob</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bernhardy, Aj" uniqKey="Bernhardy A">AJ Bernhardy</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hicks, Pj" uniqKey="Hicks P">PJ Hicks</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Nelson, Gw" uniqKey="Nelson G">GW Nelson</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Vanhollebeke, B" uniqKey="Vanhollebeke B">B Vanhollebeke</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Winkler, Ca" uniqKey="Winkler C">CA Winkler</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kopp, Jb" uniqKey="Kopp J">JB Kopp</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pays, E" uniqKey="Pays E">E Pays</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pollak, Mr" uniqKey="Pollak M">MR Pollak</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Winston, Ja" uniqKey="Winston J">JA Winston</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bruggeman, La" uniqKey="Bruggeman L">LA Bruggeman</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ross, Md" uniqKey="Ross M">MD Ross</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Jacobson, J" uniqKey="Jacobson J">J Jacobson</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ross, L" uniqKey="Ross L">L Ross</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="D Gati, Vd" uniqKey="D Gati V">VD D’Agati</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Klotman, Pe" uniqKey="Klotman P">PE Klotman</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Klotman, Me" uniqKey="Klotman M">ME Klotman</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bruggeman, La" uniqKey="Bruggeman L">LA Bruggeman</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ross, Md" uniqKey="Ross M">MD Ross</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tanji, N" uniqKey="Tanji N">N Tanji</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Cara, A" uniqKey="Cara A">A Cara</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dikman, S" uniqKey="Dikman S">S Dikman</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gordon, Re" uniqKey="Gordon R">RE Gordon</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Burns, Gc" uniqKey="Burns G">GC Burns</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="D Gati, Vd" uniqKey="D Gati V">VD D’Agati</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Winston, Ja" uniqKey="Winston J">JA Winston</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Klotman, Me" uniqKey="Klotman M">ME Klotman</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Klotman, Pe" uniqKey="Klotman P">PE Klotman</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Layton, Dw" uniqKey="Layton D">DW Layton</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bogen, Kt" uniqKey="Bogen K">KT Bogen</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Knize, Mg" uniqKey="Knize M">MG Knize</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hatch, Ft" uniqKey="Hatch F">FT Hatch</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Johnson, Vm" uniqKey="Johnson V">VM Johnson</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Felton, Js" uniqKey="Felton J">JS Felton</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Scott, Ka" uniqKey="Scott K">KA Scott</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Turesky, Rj" uniqKey="Turesky R">RJ Turesky</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wainman, Bc" uniqKey="Wainman B">BC Wainman</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Josephy, Pd" uniqKey="Josephy P">PD Josephy</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Puig, O" uniqKey="Puig O">O Puig</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Caspary, F" uniqKey="Caspary F">F Caspary</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rigaut, G" uniqKey="Rigaut G">G Rigaut</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rutz, B" uniqKey="Rutz B">B Rutz</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bouveret, E" uniqKey="Bouveret E">E Bouveret</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bragado Nilsson, E" uniqKey="Bragado Nilsson E">E Bragado-Nilsson</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wilm, M" uniqKey="Wilm M">M Wilm</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Seraphin, B" uniqKey="Seraphin B">B Séraphin</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
</listBibl>
</div1>
</back>
</TEI>
<affiliations>
<list>
<country>
<li>Japon</li>
</country>
<region>
<li>Région de Kantō</li>
<li>Région du Kansai</li>
</region>
<settlement>
<li>Kyoto</li>
<li>Tokyo</li>
</settlement>
<orgName>
<li>Université de Kyoto</li>
</orgName>
</list>
<tree>
<country name="Japon">
<region name="Région de Kantō">
<name sortKey="Iijima, Kenta" sort="Iijima, Kenta" uniqKey="Iijima K" first="Kenta" last="Iijima">Kenta Iijima</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Baba, Masanori" sort="Baba, Masanori" uniqKey="Baba M" first="Masanori" last="Baba">Masanori Baba</name>
<name sortKey="Dohi, Taeko" sort="Dohi, Taeko" uniqKey="Dohi T" first="Taeko" last="Dohi">Taeko Dohi</name>
<name sortKey="Doi, Akihiro" sort="Doi, Akihiro" uniqKey="Doi A" first="Akihiro" last="Doi">Akihiro Doi</name>
<name sortKey="Doi, Akihiro" sort="Doi, Akihiro" uniqKey="Doi A" first="Akihiro" last="Doi">Akihiro Doi</name>
<name sortKey="Gatanaga, Hiroyuki" sort="Gatanaga, Hiroyuki" uniqKey="Gatanaga H" first="Hiroyuki" last="Gatanaga">Hiroyuki Gatanaga</name>
<name sortKey="Goto, Motohito" sort="Goto, Motohito" uniqKey="Goto M" first="Motohito" last="Goto">Motohito Goto</name>
<name sortKey="Hagiwara, Shotaro" sort="Hagiwara, Shotaro" uniqKey="Hagiwara S" first="Shotaro" last="Hagiwara">Shotaro Hagiwara</name>
<name sortKey="Hoshino, Shigeki" sort="Hoshino, Shigeki" uniqKey="Hoshino S" first="Shigeki" last="Hoshino">Shigeki Hoshino</name>
<name sortKey="Iguchi, Taku" sort="Iguchi, Taku" uniqKey="Iguchi T" first="Taku" last="Iguchi">Taku Iguchi</name>
<name sortKey="Iguchi, Taku" sort="Iguchi, Taku" uniqKey="Iguchi T" first="Taku" last="Iguchi">Taku Iguchi</name>
<name sortKey="Ishizaka, Yukihito" sort="Ishizaka, Yukihito" uniqKey="Ishizaka Y" first="Yukihito" last="Ishizaka">Yukihito Ishizaka</name>
<name sortKey="Kano, Shigeyuki" sort="Kano, Shigeyuki" uniqKey="Kano S" first="Shigeyuki" last="Kano">Shigeyuki Kano</name>
<name sortKey="Kano, Shigeyuki" sort="Kano, Shigeyuki" uniqKey="Kano S" first="Shigeyuki" last="Kano">Shigeyuki Kano</name>
<name sortKey="Kawamura, Yuki I" sort="Kawamura, Yuki I" uniqKey="Kawamura Y" first="Yuki I" last="Kawamura">Yuki I. Kawamura</name>
<name sortKey="Matsunaga, Akihiro" sort="Matsunaga, Akihiro" uniqKey="Matsunaga A" first="Akihiro" last="Matsunaga">Akihiro Matsunaga</name>
<name sortKey="Oka, Shinichi" sort="Oka, Shinichi" uniqKey="Oka S" first="Shinichi" last="Oka">Shinichi Oka</name>
<name sortKey="Okamura, Tadashi" sort="Okamura, Tadashi" uniqKey="Okamura T" first="Tadashi" last="Okamura">Tadashi Okamura</name>
<name sortKey="Okamura, Tadashi" sort="Okamura, Tadashi" uniqKey="Okamura T" first="Tadashi" last="Okamura">Tadashi Okamura</name>
<name sortKey="Okudaira, Noriyuki" sort="Okudaira, Noriyuki" uniqKey="Okudaira N" first="Noriyuki" last="Okudaira">Noriyuki Okudaira</name>
<name sortKey="Okudaira, Noriyuki" sort="Okudaira, Noriyuki" uniqKey="Okudaira N" first="Noriyuki" last="Okudaira">Noriyuki Okudaira</name>
<name sortKey="Okudaira, Noriyuki" sort="Okudaira, Noriyuki" uniqKey="Okudaira N" first="Noriyuki" last="Okudaira">Noriyuki Okudaira</name>
<name sortKey="Otsubo, Takeshi" sort="Otsubo, Takeshi" uniqKey="Otsubo T" first="Takeshi" last="Otsubo">Takeshi Otsubo</name>
<name sortKey="Saito, Yoshikazu" sort="Saito, Yoshikazu" uniqKey="Saito Y" first="Yoshikazu" last="Saito">Yoshikazu Saito</name>
<name sortKey="Shimura, Mari" sort="Shimura, Mari" uniqKey="Shimura M" first="Mari" last="Shimura">Mari Shimura</name>
<name sortKey="Tamura, Masato" sort="Tamura, Masato" uniqKey="Tamura M" first="Masato" last="Tamura">Masato Tamura</name>
<name sortKey="Tanuma, Junko" sort="Tanuma, Junko" uniqKey="Tanuma J" first="Junko" last="Tanuma">Junko Tanuma</name>
<name sortKey="Yanagita, Motoko" sort="Yanagita, Motoko" uniqKey="Yanagita M" first="Motoko" last="Yanagita">Motoko Yanagita</name>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>

Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)

EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Sante/explor/CovidV2/Data/Main/Exploration
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 001212 | SxmlIndent | more

Ou

HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd -nk 001212 | SxmlIndent | more

Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri

{{Explor lien
   |wiki=    Wicri/Sante
   |area=    CovidV2
   |flux=    Main
   |étape=   Exploration
   |type=    RBID
   |clé=     PMC:3751050
   |texte=   Viral protein R of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 induces retrotransposition of long interspersed element-1
}}

Pour générer des pages wiki

HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/RBID.i   -Sk "pubmed:23915234" \
       | HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd   \
       | NlmPubMed2Wicri -a CovidV2 

Wicri

This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33.
Data generation: Sat Mar 28 17:51:24 2020. Site generation: Sun Jan 31 15:35:48 2021